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Background: Adequate lymphadenectomy in middle? and lower?third esophagus cancer is still a matter of debate. This study aims to find out the extent of histopathological supracarinal lymph nodes positivity rate to establish an adequate lymph node dissection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases operated up?front or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) + radiotherapy (RT) and its short?term oncological outcome. Materials and Methods: After approval from institutional board review, a retrospective study was conducted from April 2017 to September 2019. A total of 76 patients having mid? or lower?third carcinoma esophagus were operated at our institute for partial/total esophagectomy with extended two?field lymph node dissection were followed. Intraoperative nodal stations were harvested separately and lebeled individually according to the Japanese Esophageal Classification and sent for histopathological examination. Results: The patients had an average age of 52 years. Histologically all were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Forty?four patients received preoperative concurrent RT plus drug therapy, whereas 18 cases were operated up?front. Fourteen patients were operated after palliative treatment (CT/RT). The average total lymph node yield was 22 nodes (range 3�). In 26 patients (34.2%), lymph nodes were positive (N+ disease). Supracarinal nodes were positive in 20 cases (26.31%). The average supracarinal lymph node yield was 10.33 nodes (range 2�). Five patients (6.5%) had only supracarinal lymph nodes positive on histopathological examination. Seventeen patients had a complete pathological response rate (pCR). Conclusion: In cases of mid?third esophageal carcinoma, extended two fields with supracarinal lymphadenectomy is strongly recommended even after the patient has received neoadjuvant treatment, although the same for lower?third/gastroesophageal (GE) junction tumors should be considered.
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Objective: The present study evaluates the immunoexpression of p16 and Ki-67 in cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) and carcinomas and correlates their expression with clinicopathological features and HPV-DNA status. Material and Methods: A total 36 included cases of SIL and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were subjected to p16 and Ki-67 immunostaining. p16 staining was evaluated depending on grading, distribution, localization pattern, intensity and IHC score. Ki-67 expression was graded based on percentage of positive cells. Results: Incidence of HSIL and SCC cases was found to be significantly increased with parity > 5. p16 grade III diffuse nucleocytoplasmic immunostaining was observed in 62.5% LSIL, 80% HSIL and 87% SCC cases. Significant association of p16 staining intensity, IHC score and Ki-67 indices was noted with increasing grades of SILs and carcinomas. Conclusion: Our experience indicates that a combination of p16 and Ki-67 immunostaining may be useful to determine the severity of dysplastic change.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e correlacionar os resultados de qualidade do leite cru refrigerado de dez propriedades rurais de Viçosa (MG) obtidos por métodos de referências do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento e por espectrofotômetros de luz infravermelha em três laboratórios (A, B e C) credenciados pelo mesmo órgão de fiscalização. As amostras de leite foram analisadas quanto à contagem bacteriana, contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e teores de gordura, proteína e extrato seco desengordurado (ESD). Não houve discordância de amostras de leite quanto aos teores de proteína e gordura. Porcentagens diferentes de discordância foram observadas entre os resultados dos laboratórios e método de referência quanto à CCS, contagem bacteriana e teores de ESD. Os teores médios de proteína dos laboratórios A e B e os teores médios de ESD de todos laboratórios não foram estatisticamente iguais (p<0,05) aos teores obtidos pelo método de referência. Os teores de gordura obtidos no laboratório B não tiveram correlação estatística (p>0,05) com os teores obtidos pelo método de referência. Observou-se que as CCS e contagens bacterianas médias de todos os laboratórios foram estatisticamente iguais (p>0,05) e correlacionadas (p<0,05) às contagens médias obtidas pelos métodos de referência. Conclui-se que os teores de proteína em dois laboratórios e ESD em todos os laboratórios não são equivalentes com os métodos de referência do MAPA. É importante que os laboratórios revejam a calibração dos seus equipamentos quanto à quantificação dos teores de sólidos do leite.
The objective of this study was to analyze and to correlate the results of refrigerated raw milk quality in ten farms of Viçosa (MG). The milk was analyzed by the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento standard methods and by infrared spectrophotometers in three laboratories (A, B and C) accredited by the same institution. The milk samples were analyzed for bacterial counts, somatic cell count (SCC) and fat, protein and solids not fat (SNF) tenors. There were no disagreement milk samples as the protein and fat tenors. Different percentages of disagreement were observed between the results of laboratory and standard method as the SCC, bacterial count and SNF tenor. The protein mean tenor of A and B laboratories and the SNF mean tenor of all laboratories were not statistically equal (p<0.05) the tenors obtained by standard method. The fat tenors obtained in B laboratory were not statistically correlated (p>0.05) with tenors obtained by the standard method. It was observed that the means of SCC and bacterial counts of all laboratories were statistically the same (p>0.05) and correlated (p<0.05) to the means counts obtained by standard methods. It is concluded that the protein tenors in two laboratories and SNF in all laboratories are not equivalent with the reference methods of MAPA. It is important that laboratories review the calibration of the equipment on the quantification of milk solids tenors.
Subject(s)
Quality Control , Spectrophotometers , Food Quality Standards , Milk/standards , Bacterial Load/standards , Raw Foods/analysisABSTRACT
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix is the most common subtype of cervical cancer and it usually accounts for 80-90% of the cases. These carcinomas mostly grow at the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ). The tumour tends to grow outward showing an exophytic growth especially at the squamocolumnar junction outside the external uterine wall whereas cancer tends to grow along the cervical canal showing an endophytic growth pattern where the SCJ is located within the cervical canal. This study has experimentally shown the role of AgNOR and Ki-67 scores in tumour proliferation. Methods: Cervical specimens were obtained and prepared in a specified fashion as described. The samples were de-waxed and staining was done with AgNOR. Then, the AgNOR was counted and scoring was done. Again, the samples were also stained with Ki-67. Results: This study has included 235 cases from the Department of Pathology of Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, India. The mean value of AgNOR count in the Control group came to be 10.62�45 while the mean AgNOR count was found to be 10.62�45, 15.10�79, 18.39�67, 19.75�74 and 19.59�59 for in-Situ SCC, well-differentiated SCC, moderately differentiated SCC, poorly differentiated SCC, SCC with basaloid differentiation, respectively. Conclusion: The study confirmed that AgNOR count increases with a higher grade of malignancy. It was concluded that AgNOR and Ki-67 scores can be used as an efficient predictor of tumour proliferation.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of CT simulation positioning and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with regimen of paclitaxel and cisplatin (TP) on serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) level and prognosis in patients with advanced esophageal cancer.Methods:A total of 80 cases of advanced esophageal cancer patients in People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from June 2016 to October 2017 were selected and randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group was treated with CT simulation positioning three-dimensional combined cisplatin and Docetaxel, and the treatment group was treated with CT simulation positioning three-dimensional combined TP regimen. The clinical efficacy, tumor marker levels [serum SCC, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen-199 (CA-199), human cytokeratin 21-1 fragment (CYFRA21-1)], Karnofsky functional status (KPS) score, Quality of Life(QOL) score, progression free survival period and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:After treatment, the total effective rate in the treatment group was 70.00%, which was significantly higher than 55.00% in the control group ( P<0.05); the levels of serum SCC, CEA, CA-199 and CYFRA21-1 in the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment ( P<0.05), and those in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05); after treatment, the QOL and KPS scores in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment ( P<0.05), and the scores in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05); The progression free survival time in the treatment group was significantly longer than that in the control group ( P<0.05); The incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was 15.00%, which had no significant difference compared with 25.00% in the control group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:CT simulation positioning three-dimensional combined with TP regimen in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer has obvious effect, can effectively reduce the level of tumor markers, improve the patient′s physical function and quality of life, improve prognosis , and does not increase the survival rate of adverse reactions, which is safe and effective.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of silencing the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein calnexin on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells. @* Methods @#Calnexin siRNA was transfected into SCC-9 and SCC-25 tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells, and the expression of calnexin was detected by qRT-PCR. The silencing effect of calnexin siRNA was further verified by Western blotting. CCK-8 assay was applied to detect the effect of silencing calnexin on the proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells; Transwell assay was used to detect the effect of silencing calnexin on the invasion and migration of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells.@* Results @#qRT-PCR showed that calnexin siRNA could effectively downregulate the expression of calnexin. Western blot analysis further confirmed the silencing effect of calnexin siRNA on calnexin. The CCK-8 assay showed that silencing calnexin expression on the 4th and 5th days could inhibit the proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The Transwell assay showed that knockdown of calnexin could inhibit the invasion and migration of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells (P < 0.001).@*Conclusion@#Knockdown of calnexin can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells.
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@#Oral cancer has been regarded as disturbingly high and diagnosed mostly among males, with median age at the diagnosis of tongue cancer was 61 years, with only approximately 2% of patients under 35 years old. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is rare in young age groups, and may misdiagnosed resulting for late treatment leading to poor survival rate. We report the case of a 27year-old Lao woman with tongue cancer in the lateral posterior border area.
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Abstract Micro-RNA-221(miR-221) is one of oncogenic miRNAs that plays a vital role in the development and progression of oral cancers. The aim of this study is to introduce a new gene therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma by blocking the expression of oncogenic miR-221 by its inhibitor. The present work was performed on squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCC-25 and anti-miR-221 was delivered to the cells using an ultrasound micro bubbles. Assessment of the effect of miR-221 inhibitor on SCC-25 cells was done using MTT assay, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis detection. In addition, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was also used to detect the expression -miR-221 and its target genes. Using ANOVA, statistical analysis of the results showed significant inhibition of cell viability with and induction of cell apoptosis of SCC-25 cell line after transfection. Moreover, the expression of miR-221, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and CDKNIB/p27 were downregulated without significant difference. Transfection of SCC-25 by inhibitor of miR-221 resulting in blockage of its expression leading to arresting of tumor growth. These results proved the effective role of micro-RNA inhibitors as novel therapeutic agent for oral cancers.
Resumo Micro-RNA-221 (miR-221) é um dos miRNAs oncogênicos que desempenham um papel vital no desenvolvimento e progressão de carcinomas orais. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma nova terapia gênica para o carcinoma epidermóide oral por meio do bloqueio da expressão do miR-221 oncogênico por seu inibidor. O presente trabalho foi realizado na linhagem de células de carcinoma de células escamosas SCC-25 e o anti-miR-221 foi administrado às células usando micro-bolhas de ultrassom. A avaliação do efeito do inibidor miR-221 em células SCC-25 foi feita usando ensaio de MTT, análise do ciclo celular e detecção de apoptose. Além disso, a reação em cadeia da polimerase com transcrição reversa também foi usada para detectar a expressão -miR-221 e seus genes-alvo. Usando ANOVA, a análise estatística dos resultados mostrou inibição significativa da viabilidade celular e indução da apoptose celular da linhagem celular SCC-25 após a transfecção. Além disso, a expressão de miR-221, receptor do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR) e CDKNIB/p27 foram regulados para baixo sem diferença significativa. A transfecção de SCC-25 por inibidor de miR-221 resultou no bloqueio de sua expressão, levando à interrupção do crescimento do tumor. Esses resultados comprovaram o papel eficaz dos inibidores de micro-RNA como novo agente terapêutico para carcinomas orais.
Subject(s)
Humans , Mouth Neoplasms/genetics , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy , MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors , MicroRNAs/genetics , MicroRNAs/therapeutic use , Mouth Neoplasms/therapy , Genetic Therapy , Apoptosis , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell ProliferationABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Anorectal carcinoma includes the anal margin, the anal canal, and the lower rectum. The incidences of anal tumors represent 1.4 % of all gastrointestinal tumors. Patients and methods: Our study is retrospective and was conducted at Baghdad Medical City. Patient's data were collected from the medical records through a predesigned sheet that included the following information: demographic data, medical history, past-history, presenting symptoms, pathological data, and treatment details. Results: The median age was 49 years. As regard tumor extension, 85.71 % of patients had anal disease, while anorectal cancer was encountered in 14.28 % of cases only. Male to female ratio was 1:3. Most of cases were SCC 78.57 %. Only 11 patients (39.28 %) were diagnosed as Stage I, whereas 12 patients (42.85 %) had Stage II-III disease. Moderate differentiated tumors are the most common. The tumor mass located between 5-10 cm das a distance from anal verge in 12 (42.85 %) of patients. We found 6 (21.42 %) patients with positive virology tests with no specificity detected. APR was the mainstay for treatment of stage I disease. Neoadjuvant treatment followed by TME resection was the treatment found in locally advanced tumors. The mean Overall Survival (OS) for patients received neoadjuvant CRT in the study was 43.5 months, while, the mean OS was 45.73 months in the adjuvant setting. Univariate analysis for OS according to prognostic factors revealed that sites of cancer, grades and histopathology were significant independent prognostic factors for OS in this study. The anal canal tumor was associated with shorter OS (33.25) months in comparison to the anorectal cancer (OS = 47.22 months). Based on tumor grade, well and moderate differentiation have better OS (60.21 months) while, poorly grade was associated with shorter OS (43.07 months). On the concern of SCC, it was associated with shorter OS (37 months) in comparison to higher survival in patients with adenocarcinoma (46.13 months). Conclusion: Anal canal cancer has poorer prognosis than anorectal. The early-stage has a better OS that needs more effort for early diagnosis and treatment.
Resumo Antecedentes: O carcinoma anorretal inclui a margem anal, o canal anal e o reto inferior. A incidência de tumores anais representa 1.4 % de todos os tumores gastrointestinais. Pacientes e métodos: Nosso estudo é retrospectivo e foi realizado no Baghdad Medical City. Os dados do paciente foram coletados dos registros médicos por meio de uma folha pré-projetada que incluía as seguintes informações: dados demográficos, histórico médico, histórico anterior, sintomas de apresentação, dados patológicos e detalhes do tratamento. Resultados: A idade média foi de 49 anos. Quanto à extensão do tumor; 85,71 % dos pacientes apresentavam doença anal, enquanto o câncer anorretal foi encontrado em 14,28 % dos casos. A proporção homem/mulher foi de 1:3. A maioria dos casos foi de CEC 78,57 %. Apenas 11 pacientes (39,28 %) foram diagnosticados como Estágio I, enquanto 12 pacientes (42,85 %) apresentavam doença em Estágio II?III. Tumores diferenciados moderados são os mais comuns. A massa tumoral localizada entre 5-10 cm das distâncias da margem anal em 12 (42,85 %) dos pacientes. Foram encontrados 6 (21,42 % pacientes com testes virológicos positivos sem especificidade detectada. A TAEG foi a base para o tratamento da doença em Estágio I. O tratamento neoadjuvante seguido pela ressecção do TME foi o tratamento encontrado em tumores localmente avançados. A sobrevida global média OS dos pacientes que receberam TRC neoadjuvante no estudo foi de 43,5 meses, enquanto a OS média foi de 45,73 meses no cenário adjuvante. A análise univariada para OS de acordo com fatores prognósticos revelou que locais de câncer, notas e histopatologia foram fatores prognósticos independentes significativos para OS neste estudo. O tumor do canal anal foi associado a SG mais curtos 33,25 meses em comparação ao câncer anorretal OS = 47,22 meses. Com base no grau do tumor, a diferenciação boa e moderada apresenta melhor OS 60,21 meses, enquanto o grau ruim foi associado a um OS mais curto 43,07 meses. No que diz respeito ao CEC, este foi associado a uma OS mais curta 37 meses em comparação à maior sobrevida em pacientes com adenocarcinoma 46,13 meses. Conclusão: O câncer de canal anal tem pior prognóstico que o anorretal. O estágio inicial tem um sistema operacional melhor que precisa de mais esforço para diagnóstico e tratamento precoces.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anus Neoplasms/epidemiology , Rectal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adenocarcinoma , Anal Canal , Prognosis , ChemoradiotherapyABSTRACT
Although the B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) plays an important role in apoptosis and negatively regulatescell proliferation, BTG1 expression in skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has not been reported. In this study,we wanted to investigate the significance of BTG1 expression in SCC and adjacent tissues. The expression ofBTG1 protein and mRNA in SCC tissues and adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistrytechnique (IHC), Western blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IHC stainingshowed that the positive expression rate of BTG1 protein in SCC tissues was 54.00%; and the positive rate was90.50% in the adjacent tissues. Western blot showed that the expression of BTG1 protein in SCC tissues wassignificantly lower than that in the adjacent tissues (P\0.05). RT-PCR showed that the positive rate of BTG1mRNA in SCC was 50.50%, which was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues 89.00% (P\0.05).Both BTG1 mRNA and protein expression are related to tumor diameter, stage, tumor metastasis and thedegree of tumor differentiation in SCC. Patients exhibiting lower BTG1 protein expression in the SCC tissueshad a significantly shorter disease-specific survival rate. BTG1 protein expression, tumor diameter, tumors siteand stage were independent factors affecting the overall survival of postoperative patients. Further, BTG1overexpression inhibited A431 cell proliferation ability, while BTG silencing enhanced A431 cell proliferationability. The lower expression of BTG1 in SCC may be associated with the occurrence, development andprognosis of SCC.
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This research evaluated the effect of milking on the physical exam of the mammary gland (MG) and milk examination in Saanen goats. Six properties were selected, four farms were used after evaluation of criteria selection and distributed in two groups according to the milking method: manual or mechanical. The physical examination of MG was performed using the techniques of inspection and palpation, in addition to the examination of the milk by strip cup, California Mastitis Test, somatic cell count, and bacteriological exam. It was possible to detect an association between the milking method with the most of physical exam of the MG: inspection of the MG (p = 0.001), inspection of the teat (p = 0.002), palpation of the MG (p = 0.054) and palpation of the teat (p = 0.036). The machine milking had an association with the reduction of the volume of MG (OR = 6.00), reduction of the teat size (OR = 16.19), and firm consistency of mammary parenchyma (OR = 2.39). The use of machine milking represented a less risk for an increase of the volume of the MG volume (OR = 0.288) and the presence of cisternitis (OR = 0.490). The association between the SCC and the type of milking was also detected (p = 0.002). Machine milking was associated with changesin the physical exam of MG and milk examination compatible with traumatic lesions. This information indicates inappropriate use of milking equipment in the dairy goat's properties.(AU)
Esta pesquisa avaliou o efeito da ordenha sobre o exame físico da glândula mamária (GM) e do leite em cabras Saanen. Seis propriedades foram selecionadas, quatro fazendas foram utilizadas após avaliação da seleção dos critérios e distribuídas em dois grupos de acordo com o método de ordenha: manual ou mecânico. O exame físico da GM foi realizado utilizando as técnicas de inspeção e palpação, além do exame do leite pelo teste da caneca de fundo escuro, California Mastitis Test, contagem de células somáticas e exame bacteriológico. Foi possível detectar uma associação entre o método de ordenha com a maioria dos exames físicos da GM: inspeção da GM (p = 0,001), inspeção do teto (p = 0,002), palpação da GM (p = 0,054) e palpação do teto (p = 0,036). A ordenha mecânica associou-se com a redução do volume de GM (OR = 6,00), redução do tamanho do teto (OR = 16,19) e consistência firme do parênquima mamário (OR = 2,39). O uso da ordenha mecânica representou menor risco para o aumento do volume do volume da GM (OR = 0,288) e presença da cisternite (OR = 0,490). Também foi detectada a associação entre a CCS e o tipo de ordenha (p = 0,002). A ordenha mecânica foi associada com as alterações no exame físico de GM e do leite compatíveis com lesões traumáticas. Essas informações indicam o uso inadequado do equipamento de ordenha na criação de cabras leiteiras.(AU)
Subject(s)
Cattle , Palpation , Mammary Glands, Animal , Physical Examination/veterinary , Cell Count/methods , Milk , Encephalitis, California/diagnosisABSTRACT
Introduction: We have aimed to evaluate the difference between the expression of p53, Ki-67, and laminin in keratoacanthoma and well-differentiated SCC (SCC) and to determine its importance in differential diagnosis. Methods: This study totally included 46 cases consisting of 23 cases with keratoacanthoma and 23 with SCC. As well as age, gender, localization, and diameter of the lesion, the expression of p53, Ki-67 and laminin was evaluated. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between KA and well-differentiated SCC in terms of diameter, age, and localization. There was a statistically significant difference between KA and well-differentiated SCC in terms of p53 and Ki-67 staining (P < 0.001). Increased expression of p53 and Ki-67 was found in well-differentiated SCC. A statistically significant correlation was present between the expression of p53 and Ki-67 in KA. A statistically significant difference was detected between KA and well-differentiated SCC in terms of laminin staining (P = 0.018). Increased laminin expression was determined in well-differentiated SCC. Conclusion: We have determined in this study that p53, Ki-67 and laminin may be used as adjuvant immunohistochemical markers in differential diagnosis of KA and well-differentiated SCC.
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Introduction: Sepsis in elderly patients is a critical clinicalissue due to high rates of morbidity and mortality. The modernage cell counters precisely measure volume, size and internalstructure of the cell thereby assessing increase in volumeand cytoplasmic granularity of leukocytes as seen in casesof sepsis. The present study was done to evaluate the useof Volume Conductivity Scatter (VCS) parameters as earlyindicators of sepsis in elderly patients and to overcome theshortcomings of blood culture by using a more precise VCStechnology to assess morphologic changes in cell populationsin sepsis.Material and Method: The study included 51 patients abovethe age of 50 years which were divided into 2 groups Group1, patients with localised infection (n= 39) and Group 2 withsystemic infection (n=12). Group 3 included 30 controlswithout any signs of infection and with total leucocyte countand differential counts within normal limits. Coulter LH 750cellular analysis system was used.Result: Significant increase in both mean neutrophil volume(MNV) and mean monocyte volume (MMV) was reportedamong the patients with sepsis as compared to localizedinfections or control. With a cut off of 145 and 170 for MNVand MMV respectively, a sensitivity of 96% and 91.4% wasobtained in predicting sepsis.Conclusion: Both MNV and MMV have the potential to beused as early indicators of acute bacterial infections.
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Background: Hypoxia is a common feature of cancers. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1A (HIF1A) is a causative agent that changes the transcriptional response of tumors under hypoxia. Some alterations lead to an increase in HIF1A activity and this supports other critical pathways leading to angiogenesis, metabolic adaptation and tumor progression. This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the differences of tissue expressions of HIF1A in a spectrum of cervical neoplasms.Methods: Tissue expression of HIF1A was studied in a total of 107 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded uterine cervical tumors specimens and its association with different clinicopathologic parameters was evaluated.Results: In this series, there were 30 low and 29 high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (CINs), 27 squamous cell carcinomas, 15 adenosquamous carcinomas and 6 adenocarcinomas. Strong and diffuse nuclear staining was evaluated as positive HIF1A expression. Positive HIF-1 alpha expression was detected in 7 (25.9%) of squamous cell carcinomas, 1 of adenocarcinomas (16.7%) and only 1 of HGSILs (3.4%). Statistically it was determined that the positivity rate of strong nuclear HIF1A expression was significantly higher in invasive carcinomas when compared with in non-invasive squamous cell carcinomas (p=0.07). Contrary, there was no statistically significant difference according to the subtypes of carcinomas due to scarce number of cases with adenocarcinoma (p=0.188).Conclusions: Our findings were demonstrated to link of nuclear HIF1A expression and the invasive characters of uterine neoplasms. As a result, HIF-1 alpha expression may be important in foreseeing of the invasion and tumor progression.
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Objective@#To explore the inhibitory effect and possible mechanism of Baicalin on the human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCC15 and to provide a new idea and experimental basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.@*Methods @#SCC15 cells cultured in DMEM alone were used as the control group, and SCC15 cells cultured in 20 mg/mL baicalin solution were used as the baicalin group. Scratch tests and Transwell migration tests were performed to detect changes in cell migration ability, and flow cytometry was used to detect changes in the cell cycle. Western blotting was used to detect differences in the phosphorylation levels of signal transduction and transcription activator 3 (STAT3).@*Results @# Compared with the control group, the scratch test and the Transwell migration test showed that the cell migration ability of cells in the baicalin group was significantly decreased (t=4.927, P=0.008); flow cytometry showed that the number of cells of the baicalin group increased in the G0/G1 phase (t=9.893, P=0.001), decreased in the S phase (t=8.528, P=0.001), and decreased in the G2/M phase (t=3.550, P=0.024); Western blotting results showed that the STAT3 protein of SCC15 cells in the baicalin group decreased (t=3.550, P=0.024), and the phosphorylation level significantly decreased (t=8.262, P=0.001).@*Conclusion @#Baicalin inhibits the human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCC15, and its mechanism may be related to a decrease in STAT3 pathway phosphorylation activity.
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Objective@#To study the effects of hedysarum polybotys saccharides (HPS) and selenizated hedysarum polybotys saccharides (SE-HPS) on the oral squamous cancer cell line SCC25.@*Methods@#Different concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 μg/ml) of HPS and SE-HPS were added to SCC25 cells in the logarithmic growth stage. Cell proliferation was detected by the CCK-8 method, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and apoptosis-related indexes were observed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting.@*Results @#The concentrations of HPS and SE-HPS inhibited the proliferation of SCC25 cells. The inhibitory effect of 50 μg/mL HPS and SE-HPS on the proliferation of SCC25 cells was the strongest and was time-dependent. The inhibition effect significantly increased within 48 h, and the effect was achieved after 48 h. At the plateau stage, SE-HPS inhibited the proliferation of SCC25 cells more strongly than HPS (P < 0.05). The results of flow cytometry showed that 50 μg/mL HPS and SE-HPS acted on SCC25 cells for 48 h, and the apoptotic rates were 25.8% and 30.8% respectively. Compared with the control group (0 μg/mL HPS and SE-HPS), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed that 50 μg/mL HPS and SE-HPS acted on SCC25 cells for 48 h, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of the apoptosis gene Fas/FasL were upregulated. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@# Both HPS and SE-HPS can inhibit the proliferation of SCC25 oral cancer cells, but SE-HPS is superior to HPS and can induce apoptosis through the Fas/Fasl pathway.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of occupational wireless fidelity(Wi-Fi) microwave radiation on testosterone synthesis in male workers. METHODS: A total of 51 male workers exposed to microwave radiation in Wi-Fi test station of a mobile phone manufacturer were selected as exposure group by judgment sampling method. They were divided into <2.0 years subgroup and ≥2.0 years subgroup according to the length of work years. At the same time, 30 male workers who were not exposed to occupational hazards in the same factory were selected as the control group. Serum total cholesterol level was detected by colorimetry. Serum testosterone, cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP), cytochrome P450 17 A1(P450 c17), cytochrome P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme(P450 scc), levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relative expression of P450 scc and P450 c17 mRNA in whole blood was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The levels of serum testosterone, P450 c17 and the relative expression of P450 c17 mRNA in workers of the exposure group were lower than that in the control group(P≤0.05), and the above indexes in the sub-exposure group with work age ≥2.0 years was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in levels of serum total cholesterol, cAMP, P450 scc and relative expression of P450 scc in whole blood among the exposed group,two subgroups and the control group(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to Wi-Fi microwave radiation can inhibit the expression of P450 c17 mRNA and the synthesis of P450 c17 protein, both are key enzymes for testosterone synthesis in male workers, thereby affecting the synthesis and secretion of testosterone.
ABSTRACT
Propriedades da agricultura familiar tem contribuído para aumentar a produção leiteira, e podem ser considerados importantes para cadeia produtiva do leite. A higiene no processo produtivo deve ser o foco principal para garantir maior produção e qualidade do leite. Monitorou-se a qualidade do leite de vacas, em propriedades da agricultura familiar, no município de Bofete/SP, antes e após a adoção de medidas de controle. Avaliaram-se 21 propriedades, selecionadas por conveniência. Após período inicial de 13 coletas para monitoramento de CCS e CBT, os proprietários dos dois grupos (G1 e G2) receberam orientações técnicas sobre mastite e qualidade do leite, em atividade de dia de campo. Os proprietários do G1 além dessas atividades receberam intervenção no manejo utilizado, com visita técnica, e orientações individuais quanto à maneira adequada de ordenha e obtenção higiênica do leite. Posteriormente foram realizadas novas coletas quinzenais (n=12) como anteriormente, de amostras de leite de conjunto, de cada propriedade dos dois grupos, bem como do tanque comunitário. Foram consideradas variáveis climáticas como precipitação, temperatura e umidade relativa do ar. Observou-se uma variação dos resultados de cada coleta tanto para CCS/mL de leite quanto para CBT/mL de leite, nos dois períodos. Quanto a CCS no G1 houve uma diminuição significativa (P < 0,02), enquanto que para CBT houve um ligeiro aumento, bem menor, quando comparado ao valor mediano que foi de 381x103 UFC/mL de leite no G2. Os resultados medianos de CCS/mL de leite e de CBT/mL de leite do tanque comunitário foram mais elevados nas duas fases (períodos), entretanto muito superior para CBT. A análise das variáveis climáticas evidenciou aumento das medianas nos três parâmetros avaliados. A correlação entre essas variáveis e qualidade do leite, não mostrou diferenças para o Log10 da CCS e CBT. Pode-se concluir pela higiene precária no manejo de ordenha.(AU)
Family operated dairies have contributed to increase milk production and can be considered important in the milk production chain. Hygiene in the productive process must be the major focus to assure greater milk quality and production. The quality of milk from cows in family farms in the city of Bofete/SP was monitored before and after the establishment of control measures. Twenty-one dairy family farms, selected for convenience, were evaluated. After the initial period of 13 collections for SCC and TBC monitoring, farmers of the two groups (G1 and G2) received technical guidance about mastitis and milk quality during a day of field activity. G1 farmers, besides these activities, received intervention in the adopted management by means of technical visit and individual guidance as to adequate milking manner and hygienic milk production. Then, new fortnight collections (n=12) were performed, as previously, of a set of milk samples from each farm and both groups, as well as from the community tank. Climate variables were considered, such as rainfall, temperature and relative humidity. There was a variation in the results of each collection for both SCC/mL milk and TBC/mL milk in the two periods. As to SCC in G1, there was a statistically significant decrease (P < 0.02), while for TBC there was a slight increase, rather lower compared to the median value, which was 381x103 CFU/mL milk in G2. The median results of SCC/mL milk and TBC/mL milk from the community tank were greater in the two stages (periods), but much superior for TBC. Analysis of the climate variables evidenced an increase in the medians for all three evaluated parameters. The correlation between these variables and milk quality did not show differences for Log10 of SCC and TBC. It can be concluded that the milking management hygiene was precarious.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Milk/classification , Urban Agriculture/analysis , Health EducationABSTRACT
The present study aimed to evaluate the use of an internal dry period teat seal containing bismuth subnitrate (Teatseal®, Zoetis®, Florham Park, Nova Jersey, USA) associated with a long-acting cloxacilin preparation (Orbenin® Extra dry cow, Zoetis®, Florham Park, Nova Jersey, USA), in preventing new infections during the dry-off and early postpartum period. A total of 150 Holstein cows (average production of 9,000 kg of milk per lactation), with four functional udder quarters without clinical mastitis was included in the study. All animals were dried-off 60 days before the expected calving date. Two teats positioned diagonal-contralaterally received only dry cow antibiotic, control group C (n=300) and the other two teats, treatment group T (n=300) received dry cow antibiotic and infusion with an internal teat seal. Data from SCC variable were transformed by log base-10 transformation. Duncan's test was used accepting 5% as the level of statistical significance. The occurrence of intramammary infection (IMI) and chronicity rate, and frequency of microorganisms isolated at drying and immediately postpartum in teats of group C and group T were evaluated using a non-parametric Chi-square Test, accepting 10% as the statistical significance level. There was a decrease in the occurrence of new infections in the early postpartum in cows which the sealant was used (C=19.6%, T=11.4%). In the postpartum period, Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from 16 teats in C and seven in T. The greatest reduction was observed for Escherichia coli (8 vs 1) in group T. There was no effect using the internal sealant on the frequency of isolation of environmental Streptococus. The use of sealant reduced the prevalence of subclinical mastitis cows between drying-off and the early postpartum period (C=51% versus T=42%) and resulted in a lower somatic cell count (SCC) in the treatment group when compared with the control group (T=1,073x103, C=1,793x103). The use of the internal teat seal combined with dry cow antibiotic is effective in the prevention of IMI during the dry period and early lactation and results in the reduction of SCC in immediate postpartum period. The treatment is effective in reducing infection between dry-off and the immediate postpartum caused by major and minor pathogens. However, no effect on infections caused by contagious pathogens was observed.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de um selante interno de tetos contendo subnitrato de bismuto (Teatseal®, Zoetis®, Florham Park, Nova Jersey, EUA) associado a um antibiótico de longa ação contendo cloxacilina (Orbenin® Extra dry cow, Zoetis®, Florham Park, Nova Jersey, EUA) em prevenir novas infecções durante o período seco e pós-parto imediato. Foram utilizadas 150 vacas Holandesas (produção média de 9,000 kg de leite por lactação), com os quatro quartos mamários funcionais e sem mastite clínica, que foram secas 60 dias antes da data prevista para o parto. O teto constituiu a unidade experimental. O grupo controle (C) foi representado por dois tetos diagonais-contralaterais (n=300), que receberam somente o antibiótico de vaca seca. Os outros dois tetos (n=300) constituíam o grupo tratado (T) e recebiam o antibiótico de vaca seca associado ao selante interno. Dados da variável contagem de células somáticas (CCS) passaram por transformação logarítmica na base 10 e foram submetidos ao teste de Duncan, aceitando-se nível de 5% de significância estatística. A ocorrência de infecções intramamárias (IIM), taxa de cronicidade e frequência de microrganismos isolados na secagem e imediatamente pós-parto nos tetos do grupo controle e tratados com selante interno foram avaliados utilizando o teste não paramétrico qui-quadrado, aceitando 10% de nível de significância. Houve redução na ocorrência de novas infecções no pós-parto imediato nos animais em que se utilizou o selante (C=19,6%, T=11,4%). No período pós-parto, foram isolados microrganismos Gram-negativo de 16 tetos no C e sete no T. A maior redução ocorreu para Escherichia coli, (8 versus 1) no grupo T. Não houve efeito da utilização do selante interno na frequência de isolamento de Streptococcus ambientais. O uso do selante reduziu a prevalência de mastite subclínica das vacas no pós-parto imediato (C=51% versus T=42%) e resultou em menor CCS no grupo tratado (T = 1.073 x 103) quando comparado com o grupo controle (C=1.793x103). O uso do selante interno combinado com antibiótico de vacas secas é eficaz na prevenção de infecções intramamárias no período seco e início de lactação e resulta na redução da CCS no período pós-parto imediato. O tratamento é eficaz na redução de infecção entre a secagem e o pós-parto imediato causada por patógenos maiores e menores. Entretanto, não tem efeito sobre infecções causadas por patógenos contagiosos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Bismuth/analysis , Breast Diseases/prevention & control , Mastitis, Bovine/prevention & control , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Breast Diseases/veterinaryABSTRACT
Thresholds for Somatic Cell Counts (SCC) and Total Bacterial Counts (TBC) in refrigerated raw milk have been stricter in Brazil since July 2014. We evaluated whether the composition of 11,051 milk samples delivered to processing plants in Paraná state, Brazil, by cooperative dairy farms, complies with government requirements and established changes. Milk quality was evaluated from June to August 2014, from dairy farms in three states. Data were obtained by infrared spectroscopy and flow cytometry. SCC was highest in June (p<0.05), when the highest number of samples and mean values was observed that did not comply with legal standards. No samples obtained in July complied with the requirements. The city in Mato Grosso do Sul state was the only one that met the legal requirements throughout the period studied. TBC did not vary (p>0.05) in the trimester, and none of the cities presented values below the maximum TBC allowed. Protein, fat and non-fat solids obtained complied with legal requirements. Total solids and lactose varied among the months (p<0.05), with highest values for total solids in June and for lactose in August. Milk samples did not comply with minimal requirements for SCC and TBC, and were not adjusted to more rigid quality standards.
Limites de contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e contagem bacteriana total (CBT) em leite cru refrigerado estão mais estritos no Brasil desde Julho de 2014. Foram avaliadas 11051 amostras de leite entregues para beneficiamento no Estado do Paraná, Brasil, por produtores de leite e cooperados e verificou-se se estas atendiam aos requisitos governamentais e às mudanças estabelecidas. A qualidade do leite foi avaliada de Junho a Agosto de 2014 em fazendas leiteiras de três estados. Os dados foram obtidos por espectroscopia em infravermelho e citometria de fluxo. CCS foi superior em Junho (p<0,05), quando foi observado maior número de amostras e valores médios que não estavam de acordo com os padrões legais. A cidade do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul foi a única que cumpriu com os limites legais requeridos ao longo do período. CBT não apresentou variação (p>0,05) ao longo do trimestre, e nenhuma das cidades apresentou valores dentro do limite estabelecido para CBT. Proteína, gordura e sólidos não gordurosos estavam de acordo com os limites requeridos. Sólidos totais e lactose variaram ao longo dos meses (p<0,05), com valores elevados para sólidos totais em Junho e para lactose em Agosto. Amostras de leite não estavam de acordo com os requisitos mínimos de CCS e CBT, e não estão ajustadas aos padrões de qualidade mais rígidos.